Samuel Butler (1613 - 80)

   Samuel Butler was a great poet and satirist. He was baptized 14 February 1613. Baptized in England. And died at 25 September 1680, in London, England. He was the son of farmer and churchwarden. His date of Birth is unknown, but there is documentary evidence for the date of his baptism of 14 February. Samuel Butler was brought up in the household of sir William russell of strensham and became his clerk. He was educated at the King's school, Worcester, under Henry Bright, whose teaching is recorded favourable by thomas fuller. A contemporary writer, in his worthies of England.

   After the restoration, he became secretary, or steward, to Richard Vaughan, 2nd earl of carbery lord president of wales. Until January 1662, while he was paying craftmen working or repairing the castel there. In late 1662 the first part of Hudibras, which he began writing when lodging at Holborn, London, in 1658 and continued to work on while in Ludlow, was published, and the other two in 1664 and 1678 respectively.

During the latter part of his life butler lived in a house in now partially demolished rose street, to the west of convent Garden. And later on died of consumption on 25 September 1680. But he will always remain as his most famous works named Hudiras.

  

Hudiras :-

   

The Hudibras is very long, satiric poem, created in complex eight-syllable couplets. The poem starts off as a mock romance before becoming a critique of time. The story start with, the Knight hudibras and Ralph go Through a series of adventure, they trying to stop bear baiting, courtship, all are which meant to be allegorical. The poem is full of grotesque characters and polemics and is a devastating satire of Puritanism. The poem is most beautiful work of that time. But still,Despite the popularity of Hudibras, Butler was not offered a place at Court. "Satyrical Witts disoblige whom they converse with; and consequently make to themselves many Enemies and few Friends; and this was his manner and case."

The first part of Hudibras was apparently on sale by the end of 1662, but the first edition, published anonymously, is dated 1663. Its immediate success resulted in a spurious second part appearing within the year; the authentic second part, licensed in 1663, was published in 1664. The two parts, plus “The Heroical Epistle of Hudibras to Sidrophel,” were reprinted together in 1674. In 1677 Charles II, who delighted in the poem, issued an injunction to protect Butler’s rights against piratical printers and awarded him an annual pension. In 1678 a third (and last) part was published.

The hero of Hudibras is a Presbyterian knight who goes “a-coloneling” with his squire, Ralpho, an Independent. They constantly squabble over religious questions and, in a series of grotesque adventures, are shown to be ignorant, wrongheaded, cowardly, and dishonest. Butler had derived his outline from Cervantes’s Don Quixote, and his burlesque method from Paul Scarron. However, his brilliant handling of the octosyllabic metre, his witty, clattering rhymes, his delight in strange words and esoteric learning, and his enormous zest and vigour create effects that are entirely original. Its pictures of low life are perhaps the most notable things of their kind in English poetry between John Skelton and George Crabbe, with both of whom Butler has a certain affinity.

    The two parts, plus “The Heroical Epistle of Hudibras to Sidrophel,” were reprinted together in 1674. In 1678 a third (and last) part was published. The work is directed against the fanaticism, pretentiousness, pedantry, and hypocrisy Butler saw in militant Puritanism.

The eponymous hero of Hudibras is a Presbyterian knight who goes “a-coloneling” with his squire, Ralpho, an Independent. They constantly squabble over religious questions and, in a series of grotesque adventures, are shown to be ignorant, wrongheaded, cowardly, and dishonest. Butler derived his outline from Miguel de Cervantes and his burlesque method from Paul Scarron. However, his brilliant handling of the octosyllabic metre, his witty, clattering rhymes, his delight in strange words and esoteric learning, and his enormous zest and vigour create effects that are entirely original.

Hudibras is directed against religious sectarianism. The poem was very popular in its time, and several of its phrases have passed into the dictionary. It was sufficiently popular to spawn imitators. Hudibras takes some of its characterization from Don Quixote but, unlike that work, it has many more references to personalities and events of the day.Butler was also influenced by satirists such as John Skelton and Paul Scarron's Virgile travesti; a satire on classical literature, particularly Virgil.

Hudibras was reprinted many times in the centuries following Butler's death. Two of the more noteworthy editions are those edited by Zachery Grey (1744) and Treadway Russell Nash (1793). The standard edition of the work was edited by John Wilders (1967).

Most of his other writings never saw print until they were collected and published by Robert Thyer in 1759. Butler wrote many short biographies, epigrams and verses the earliest surviving from 1644. Of his verses, the best known is "The Elephant on the Moon", about a mouse trapped in a telescope, a satire on Sir Paul Neale of the Royal Society. Butler's taste for the mock heroic is shown by another early poem Cynarctomachy, or Battle between Bear and Dogs, which is both a homage to and a parody of a Greek poem ascribed to Homer, Batrachomyomachia. He wrote the poem Upon Philip Nye's Thanksgiving Beard about the Puritan Philip Nye and later also mentioned him in Hudibras.

His supposed lack of money later in life is strange as he had numerous unpublished works which could have offered him income including a set of Theophrastan character sketches which were not printed until 1759. Many other works are dubiously attributed to him.

     Thus to conclud we can able to concider that samuel Butler was one of the most prominent figure of the restoration period.And one of the best satirical poet. His longer poem hudibras became so famous instantly and still people used to read it.

:- 1002 Words