Hello, i am himanshi parmar, here i write about post - truth concept, as a task of blog writing.
Post - truth is something in which facts have less importance or viewed as a irrelevant, but lie or personal beliefs and emotional appeals are used to convince people. It isn't matters either you are speaking right or wrong, if you have ability to speak louder than your oopponent, and if you able to prove your fake point true by your emotional appeals, people start believing you that is something called post truth. Here i am going to discuss about the definition,meaning, examples, and problems of post - truth, With the help of some news cuttings, cartons, YouTube videos, and related images.
Definition and meaning of Post - Truth :-
Definitions :-
(1) It was named Word of the Year in 2016 by the Oxford Dictionary where it is defined as,
"Relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief."
(2) British English defined, post truth as a adjective :-
of or relating to a culture in which appeals to the emotions tend to prevail over facts and logical arguments.
(3) According to Collins dictionary :-
A post-truth situation is one in which people are less influenced by factual information than by their emotions or by beliefs they already hold.
After understanding all these definitions we understand that post truth means,
In between several kind of circumstances people accept the situation or an arguments based on their emotions and beliefs, rather than based on truth and factuality, that what known as a Post - Truth.
For Example -
1] The world has entered an era of Post - Truth Politics.
2] In the post - truth era, science is needed more than ever.
Post - Truth is something which is very much far from truth. And still people accepting that lie without questioning, just for the sake of emotions and it's louderness of expression. Here let me mention one example for this - if two people A and B are fighting with each-other, Even if B is right people take stand for A and will punish B. Because the voice of A is louder than B. A has ability to convince people with emotional arguments. This is how post - truth related with us.
Origin of the Word Post - Truth :-
Post - Truth seems to have been first a 1992, essay by the late Serbian American Playwright Steve Tesich.In 2004 Ralph Keyes used the term "post-truth era" in his book. Also Friedrich Nietzsche is one of the chief predecessors of the concept of post-truth. He argues that humans create the concepts through which they define the good and the just, thereby replacing the concept of truth with the concept of value, and grounding reality in the human will and will to power. Then later on The term garnered widespread popularity, in the form of post-truth politics, in the period around the 2016 United States presidential election and the Brexit referendum. And because of it's copious use, "Post-truth” has been announced as the Oxford Dictionaries’ international word of the year. It is widely associated with US president-elect Donald Trump’s extravagantly untruthful assertions and the working-class people who voted for him nonetheless. But responsibility for the “post-truth” era lies with the middle-class professionals who prepared the runway for its recent take-off. Those responsible include academics, journalists, “creatives” and financial traders; even the centre-left politicians who have now been hit hard by the rise of the anti-factual.
Jennifer Hochschild, H.L. Jayne Professor of Government at Harvard University, has described the rise of post-truth as a return to 18th- and 19th-century political and media practices in the United States, following a period in the 20th century where the media was relatively balanced and rhetoric was toned down.New Scientist characterised the pamphlet wars that arose with the growth of printing and literacy, beginning in the 1600s, as an early form of post-truth politics. Slanderous and vitriolic pamphlets were cheaply printed and widely disseminated, and the dissent that they fomented contributed to starting wars and revolutions such as the English Civil War (1642–1651) and (much later) the American Revolution (1765–1783). This how it is origin and widely spread all around the world.
Post - Truth Politics :-
Post - truth politics is something in which debates framed largely by emotional appeals. And constantly lie and untruth is repeated. And that is the simple process of earning points to which factual informations and truth are ignored. The biggest example in politics about the post truth is Donald Trump, he is the most important post - Truth figure of the era. When he won United States election in 2016, it was the big shock for people. Because when scholars search factuality of his statements, 75% of his statements was come out as a false or unworthy. 15% was half truth and the other 10% is fully truth. He set the example of post truth effect on people that how people get easily influenced by post - Truth. Let me put here some of the cartoon pictures, which are related with Donald Trump. (Click here to read more about this )
Social media and post - Truth :-
Due to the developments in information technologies in the last 20 years, social media is frequently used especially for mobile devicesfor news announcement and follow-up. This has led to a large increase in the number of information produced, too. Considering information/news sharing pages on social media around the world and sharing/posting too much information or news, there are many news sources that need to be verified after accessed. There is no accuracy filtering process in the dissemination of information on social media and therefore, unverifiable news can affect the masses in a very short time. Nowadays, it is important that users check the reality of such information in social media. In this study, it is tried to investigate how the post-truth concept which the Oxford Dictionary has chosen as the word of the year in 2016 in social media.
We find many examples of post - truth in social media, that how wide spreaded fake news and social media comments over powered reality and truth. Most of the fake news spreaded about the life of actor - actresses, politicians and businessmen or we can say that from life of famous figures. Let me give one or two examples of that.
Examples -
1] controversial model and actor poonam pandey, was in hospital after being allegedly assaulted by her husband Sam Bombay. At the same time some one spread a fake news through social media, and viral image of a badly injured women, lying on bad. And people started considering her poonam pandey. The news spreaded widely and created many problems for poonam and her family.
2] another incident take place from California when California Gov. Gavin Newsom getting the COVID - 19 booster on oct - 27 and then canceled a trip and did not participate in any official public events for 12 days. Social media posts claimed, without evidence, that Newsom was suffering serious side effects from the booster. But his staff denied that he had an “adverse reaction” to the shot and, during this time, he appeared twice on social media and reportedly attended a wedding.(For more information click here).
Post - Truth and problems :-
Several times this kind of post - truth causes a serious problems. Because it is something about opinion not about fact or truth. In 2021, the trend of post - truth spread widely and mainly the internet and social media boost it high.
People easily started believing in the news which they read or watch on social media. They doesn't care what information being distributed and is it has any truth or factualityor not? And people easily came under the bad influence of that. Then one meaningless idea or we can say rumor, effect giant group of people. To understand the disadvantages of post - truth, Here i put one video related this.
Thus to conclud we can able to concider a post - truth as a most powerful and new word in the field of politics and others. To watch more cartoon sketches, related with this post - truth(click here.)
Hello i am Himanshi Parmar, as a task of Thinking activity, about the very famous poem of Alexander Pope named "The rape of the lock", here i write a blog. And answered various questions. But before this let me put a Trailer Video of the poem "The Rape of the lock".
1] According to you, Who is the protagonist of the play clarissa or Belinda?Why?
According to me, Belinda is the protagonist of the poem. Because the entire poem revolves around her. And her dream. She is the central character or we can say heroin of the Mock epic. The poem starts with Belinda, who is wealthy and young woman, who travels to Hampton Court for a day of socializing and leisure. Her remarkable beauty attracts the attention of the Baron, who snips off a lock of her hair and this thing turns into the big matter.
It is difficult to regard her purely as a goddess, or as a pretty spoiled child, or as a flirt. She is combination of all these three. This thing we also found in her character.
In the starting, we see her sleeping till noon and her awakening by he lape dog "Shock". Then we see her proceeding from the Thames River to the Hampton Court. Pope Compares Belinda to the sun and suggests that it recognizes in Belinda a Rival. Belinda is like the sun not only because of her bright eyes and not only because she dominates her special world. She was as beautiful as every eye was fixed on her alone. She is like the sun in another regard:
“Bright as the sun, her eyes the gazers strike.
And, like the sun, the shines on all alike.”
Second thing is, she is like a model, represented the fashionable, aristocratic Ladies of Pope's Age. Such social butterflies in eighteenth century. Who does not have any serious concern with life. And as further as we read the poem, we find that there is a Belinda who is in the center of the poem. She is present throughout the whole poem, while clarissa came into the last part.
Another thing is that what action is belinda taking or what she speaking is she did according to Belinda's action or speech. So if there is no Belinda then the poem has no meaning or virtues. Even Clarissa's speech or a lines also have not stay meaningful. So according to me, Belinda is the protagonist of the poem.
2] What is beauty? Write your view about it.
People can be beautiful in two ways. he/she beautiful is in inner way and in outer way. But i believe that inner beauty is more important and worthy. Inner beauty refers to the personality of a person including his/her mind and character. Where as outer beauty simply refers to the looks of a person. It can easily be faked and changed through makeup, dressing, surgery etc.But it takes a whole lot of effort and a true heart to maintain your inner beauty in this modern age.Beauty isn’t about the matching earrings or expensive bracelets, it is always about carrying the smile and a whole lot of confidence on your face.Beauty is about simplicity, elegance and grace. We need to be comfortable in our own skin.
Outer beauty is transient, it fades with time and so does the looks but your soul, knowledge and heart is something that will stay. In today it is our biggest belief that we are not good looking and if we do not wear fashionable clothes than we will not look beautiful.but in my opinion it is our skill and talent that makes us at par with others. We see this in Belinda's example also, she don't have any specific skills or any talent, she just have a beauty and still people used to impressed by her always. And also the faeries and good spirits are always roaming around her to take care of her safety. So this is the mentality of society we see that how they give much importance to outer look. But i found that inner beauty is more important than outer.
Let me put here one quote which reflect the importance of inner beauty.
. “Why try to be an attractive oyster when you can be the precious pearl inside it.”
To prove my point, that how concept of outer beauty over powered us. here i am sharing one video related this.
3] Find out a research paper on "The Rape of the lock". Give the details of the paper and write down in brief what does it say about the poem by Alexander Pope?
This is the link of the research paper by DR. MEETA MATHUR, Associated professor Department of English University of Delhi, Delhi, India. Click here to download the research paper.
Here i am discussing about the research paper is in brief :-
According to research paper named "The Rape of the lock : A complex Mock Epic". By Meeta Mathur. Pope here combined two forms of writing together. First is epic and satire. And the technical brilliance of the poem is just because of pope. Because he studied great epics very carefully. Along with the point of view of critics also. And keep it in mind while writing his own epics. In this mock epic, the dignified gener is put as to witty. Use according to Meeta Mathur. "A mock heroic epic and not the ridicule of a literary form as some critics believe it to be.
Another thing she mentioned in her research paper is, English poetry no more beautiful and exquisite description than that of the sylphs in cant two of "The Rape of the lock". Pope's mock heroic epic dealing with sylphs and their elemental colleagues. Mock heroic epic describes a quarrel, Pope is also mentioned quarrel in a beautiful way. Use it with humor. The nature of his subject leads to an immense difference between his mock epic and those of Homer and Virgil. Also the poem Rape of the Lock, written in pomp and luster of the idom. And the opening lines is evidence of it. So at last she try to say that pope's epic is quite complex, which is satirizing the society and mocking on it. But in different tone, in different form. And in different way of writing.
Thus to conclud we can able to say that Rape of the lock is the most popular poem, based on the true incidents of Lord Petre and Arabella Fermor.
Hello, as a task of Thinking activity, here i write a blog on Pride and Prejudice : novel and Movie.
Here we discuss about the novel "pride and prejudice". By jane austen. This is a romantic novel. And the satire.The novel follows the character development of Elizabeth Bennet, the dynamic protagonist of the book who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between superficial goodness and actual goodness. The novel was first published in 28 January 1813. The novel is most intresting piece of that century. And still liked by many readers.
:- Which version of the novel is more appealing? Novel or Film adaptation? Why?
During this modern era also people widely prefer to read novel, "Pride and prejudice". The novel also steals hearts of many film makers. And that make them think to creat a film from the novel. Many of the movies consists from novel. But when we compare novel with the movie, however movie is so intresting, there where lots of settings, beautiful sights, musical editions, and many of the beautiful characters etc, but still we find that movie is good but not best. Novel is more appealing, because there where many of the minor scenes and emotions which was not able to cover in two or three hour's film. In the novel, author describ everything in details. But in movie it's can't be possible to cover each and everything.
The another point is, The whole Movie is particularly the point of view of script writer towards novel. So it's possible that other have different point of view for this. So give us a chance to read it by our own understanding, with our own point of view and imagine the scenes and characters by our own thinking power. So this is more pleasurable. And that's why according to me Novel is more appealing.
:- Character of Elizabeth Bennet :-
She is the main heroine of the novel. We can concider her as a protagonist. The whole story revolves around her and Mr. Darcy. And have happy ending, along with the love story of this both. Whole novel is about a love story of Elizabeth and Darcy. That what kind of problems they tackle and at the end they come together. This things are beautifully outlined there in novel. Here we now discuss about Elizabeth or Lizzie, is in detail.
The novel’s protagonist. The second daughter of Mr. Bennet, Elizabeth is the most intelligent and sensible of the five Bennet sisters. She is well read and quick-witted, with a tongue that occasionally proves too sharp for her own good. Her realization of Darcy’s essential goodness eventually triumphs over her initial prejudice against him.
Woman with pride -
The twenty year-old Elizabeth, sometimes Lizzie, sometimes Eliza, is a most attractive young woman. Not only is she beautiful, with eyes that made her irresistible to Mr Darcy, but she has an exceptional personality. She is high spirited but self-controlled, always guided by her good sense, which few of the other female characters in the novel have. She is self-assured, outspoken, and assertive, but never rude or aggressive.
Strong opinion :-
Although Jane Austen is criticized for creating characters that reaffirm the expectations about female stereotypes it is clear that the character of Elizabeth Bennet challenges the expected gender norms of her time, particularly when compared with the other females in Pride and Prejudice. Elizabeth is willing to express her opinions wherever she is, without fear, and has the confidence openly to challenge the views of those of superior social standing. On her first meeting with Lady Catherine de Bourgh, Lady Catherine interrogates her and is surprised by the open, frank replies of the twenty year-old.
“Upon my word,” said her Ladyship, “you give your opinion very decidedly for so young a person. Pray, what is your age?”
This dialogue shows her strong opinionated attitude.
Mature and controlled :-
Elizabeth also behaves in an unorthodox fashion in her approach to marriage, and in a society where a woman’s security depends on a good marriage, and in a family where for at least one of the daughters finding a husband is a matter of social and economic survival, refuses two advantageous proposals. In doing so she challenges the traditional norm whereby women have a financial obligation to marry at the first opportunity.
In Elizabeth’s social setting her mother would be the arbiter in matters of marriage and Elizabeth would have been raised to understand and accept it. However, she defies her mother in refusing to marry Mr Collins and astonishes him. Given her lack of money and social connections he is unable to understand her rejection of his proposal and interprets it as insincerity. He persists, saying that all women refuse at first as a matter of coyness, and then Elizabeth puts him straight expresses herself in language that opposes gender norms. “Do not consider me now as an elegant female intending to plague you, but as a rational creature speaking the truth from her heart,” she says.A woman is not supposed to have a rational response to such things – rationality being reserved for men – and later, Mr Collins admits that she would have been too much for him anyway.
Judgemental and honest :-
Elizabeth has a fine-tuned critical mind and is able to sum up most of the people around her. Although she fails to do that accurately with both Darcy and Wickham – the former because of the misinformation she receives about him and the latter because of the practiced charm of the con man that he uses on her – she gets it dead right with most of the other people she meets. Her assessments of Mr Collins, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, and Caroline Bingly are spot on. The first is a fool, the second a tyrant, and the third a nasty piece of work. Elizabeth gets that very quickly and part of the story is about the way she deals with them.
However, her confidence in her own judgment is the thing that leads her to make some almost terminal mistakes and it’s only because of her ability to step back and honestly assess her own behaviour that she finally wins through.
Now after knowing about the Elizabeth let us discuss about the darcy also.
Character sketch of Mr. Darcy :-
The son of a wealthy, well-established family and the master of the great estate of Pemberley, Darcy is Elizabeth’s male counterpart. The narrator relates Elizabeth’s point of view of events more often than Darcy’s, so Elizabeth often seems a more sympathetic figure. The reader eventually realizes, however, that Darcy is her ideal match. Intelligent and forthright, he too has a tendency to judge too hastily and harshly, and his high birth and wealth make him overly proud and overly conscious of his social status. Indeed, his haughtiness makes him initially bungle his courtship. When he proposes to her, for instance, he dwells more on how unsuitable a match she is than on her charms, beauty, or anything else complimentary.
Elizabeth's rejection of his advances builds a kind of humility in Darcy. Darcy demonstrates his continued devotion to Elizabeth, in spite of his distaste for her low connections, when he rescues Lydia and the entire Bennet family from disgrace, and when he goes against the wishes of his haughty aunt, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, by continuing to pursue Elizabeth. Darcy proves himself worthy of Elizabeth, and she ends up repenting her earlier, overly harsh judgment of him.
Man with Pride :-
Mr. Darcy is a proud and arrogant man, particularly to those that he considers of lower social status.At the dance, he does not dance with any ladies outside of his own party because he believes them to be beneath him in class and beauty.
Introvert :-
Mention later on to Elizabeth that he does not find it easy to make new acquaintances and finds it hard to converse with people he does not know. This shows a sort of shy, perhaps even reclusive nature in Darcy that is not illustrated before this point in the book.
Silent lover :-
Vivien Jones notes that Darcy's handsome appearance, wealth and original arrogance signify to the reader that he is the hero of a romance novel. For example, He is in love with Elizabeth but still he can not able to tell her that he loves her.because he is shy and very introvert personality. So readers can concider him as a silent hero.
Darcy’s Pride :-
Definitely, Darcy is proud in the beginning. His behaviour on his first appearance, is so appallingly insolent that few readers can entirely forgive him for it, and it is doubtful if Meryton could ever have learnt to make excuses for a man who slighted the whole neighborhood, refusing to dance and declaring audibly that none of the women present were handsome enough for him. He is contemptuous of the people below him in social status and feels no need to conceal his contempt. He acknowledges his own pride and conceit’ and his selfishness in caring for none beyond his own family circle and thinking meanly of all the rest of the world. At Netherfield he tells Elizabeth, “My opinion once lost is lost for ever”. And finally his proposal to Elizabeth at Hunsford parsonage is more eloquent on the subject of pride than of tenderness.
Darcy’s Superior Moral Nature :-
Thus, Darcy is definitely proud in the beginning. Some of his coldness and reserve may be at least attributed to his inordinate shyness and his awkwardness in the company of strangers at a large ball. Also Darcy’s pride is to be seen as something other than mere snobbishness. As Catherine Lucas points out Darcy does have much, to be proud of and his pride is the result of a genuinely aristocratic consciousness of merit.
As the book proceeds, we come to discover the truth about Darcy. He is complex, sensitive and intelligent and – on the whole he is superior to all the other males in the story, including Bingley. He is not morally blind either and recognizes the vulgarity and ill-manners of the Bingley sisters and is as much embarrassed by Lady Catherine’s behavior as he had been by Mrs. Bennet’s vulgarity. He realizes that good manners are not the monopoly of any particular class and observes how cultured and brilliant Elizabeth is.
Darcy and Elizabeth both are the totally referent from each other and still the best loving couple of the novel. Here we discuss about both and now let we see the society around them. And the role of society in the novel.
Give illustration of the society of that time :-
This are the several point to understand the role of society in novel or movie.
Love -
Pride and Prejudice contains one of the most cherished love stories in English literature: the courtship between Darcy and Elizabeth. As in any good love story, the lovers must elude and overcome numerous stumbling blocks, beginning with the tensions caused by the lovers’ own personal qualities. Elizabeth’s pride makes her misjudge Darcy on the basis of a poor first impression, while Darcy’s prejudice against Elizabeth’s poor social standing blinds him, for a time, to her many virtues. (Of course, one could also say that Elizabeth is guilty of prejudice and Darcy of pride—the title cuts both ways.)
Austen, meanwhile, poses countless smaller obstacles to the realization of the love between Elizabeth and Darcy, including Lady Catherine’s attempt to control her nephew, Miss Bingley’s snobbery, Mrs. Bennet’s idiocy, and Wickham’s deceit. In each case, anxieties about social connections, or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love. Darcy and Elizabeth’s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Austen views love as something independent of these social forces, as something that can be captured if only an individual is able to escape the warping effects of a hierarchical society.
Austen does sound some more realist (or, one could say, cynical) notes about love, using the character of Charlotte Lucas, who marries the buffoon Mr. Collins for his money, to demonstrate that the heart does not always dictate marriage. Yet with her central characters, Austen suggests that true love is a force separate from society and one that can conquer even the most difficult of circumstances.
Reputation -
Pride and Prejudice depicts a society in which a woman’s reputation is of the utmost importance. A woman is expected to behave in certain ways. Stepping outside the social norms makes her vulnerable to ostracism. This theme appears in the novel, when Elizabeth walks to Netherfield and arrives with muddy skirts, to the shock of the reputation-conscious Miss Bingley and her friends. At other points, the ill-mannered, ridiculous behavior of Mrs. Bennet gives her a bad reputation with the more refined (and snobbish) Darcys and Bingleys.
Austen pokes gentle fun at the snobs in these examples, but later in the novel, when Lydia elopes with Wickham and lives with him out of wedlock, the author treats reputation as a very serious matter. By becoming Wickham’s lover without benefit of marriage, Lydia clearly places herself outside the social pale, and her disgrace threatens the entire Bennet family. The fact that Lydia’s judgment, however terrible, would likely have condemned the other Bennet sisters to marriageless lives seems grossly unfair. Why should Elizabeth’s reputation suffer along with Lydia’s? Darcy’s intervention on the Bennets’ behalf thus becomes all the more generous, but some readers might resent that such an intervention was necessary at all. If Darcy’s money had failed to convince Wickham to marry Lydia, would Darcy have still married Elizabeth? Does his transcendence of prejudice extend that far? The happy ending of Pride and Prejudice is certainly emotionally satisfying, but in many ways it leaves the theme of reputation, and the importance placed on reputation, unexplored. One can ask of Pride and Prejudice, to what extent does it critique social structures, and to what extent does it simply accept their inevitability?
Class -
The theme of class is related to reputation, in that both reflect the strictly regimented nature of life for the middle and upper classes in Regency England. The lines of class are strictly drawn. While the Bennets, who are middle class, may socialize with the upper-class Bingleys and Darcys, they are clearly their social inferiors and are treated as such. Austen satirizes this kind of class-consciousness, particularly in the character of Mr. Collins, who spends most of his time toadying to his upper-class patron, Lady Catherine de Bourgh.
Though Mr. Collins offers an extreme example, he is not the only one to hold such views. His conception of the importance of class is shared, among others, by Mr. Darcy, who believes in the dignity of his lineage; Miss Bingley, who dislikes anyone not as socially accepted as she is; and Wickham, who will do anything he can to get enough money to raise himself into a higher station. Mr. Collins’s views are merely the most extreme and obvious. The satire directed at Mr. Collins is therefore also more subtly directed at the entire social hierarchy and the conception of all those within it at its correctness, in complete disregard of other, more worthy virtues.
Through the Darcy-Elizabeth and Bingley-Jane marriages, Austen shows the power of love and happiness to overcome class boundaries and prejudices, thereby implying that such prejudices are hollow, unfeeling, and unproductive. Of course, this whole discussion of class must be made with the understanding that Austen herself is often criticized as being a classist: she doesn’t really represent anyone from the lower classes; those servants she does portray are generally happy with their lot. Austen does criticize class structure, but only a limited slice of that structure.
Family -
Family is an integral theme in the novel. All of the characters operate within networks of family connections that shape their decisions and perspectives. For the female characters in particular, the influence and behavior of their family members is a significant factor in their lives. Because “the business of [Mrs. Bennet’s] life was to get her daughters married”, the Bennet sisters constantly have to navigate their mother’s plans and schemes. While male characters like Mr. Darcy and Mr. Bingley have much more social and financial independence, they still rely on the judgment and opinions of female family members like Caroline Bingley and Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Individuals are judged according to the behavior of their family members, which is why Darcy points out to Lizzy that he is doing her a favor by proposing even though she comes with embarrassing family connections. The theme of family shows that individuals never lead totally autonomous lives, and that individual actions have wider communal implications.
Integrity -
Elizabeth Bennet considers herself to have very high standards of integrity, and she is often frustrated and disappointed by the way she sees others behaving. She complains bitterly to her sister, “The more I see of the world, the more am I dissatisfied with it, and every day confirms my belief of the inconsistency of all human characters.” She behaves in ways she considers consistent with her definition of integrity by refusing to marry both Mr. Collins and Mr. Darcy (when he proposes the first time): Elizabeth thinks it is very important to only marry a man she loves and respects, despite the pressure to achieve economic security.
By the end of the novel, Lizzy's commitment to integrity has been rewarded because she marries a partner who will truly make her happy. She has also come to see that she can sometimes be too rigid and judge too quickly, since she was initially mistaken about the nature and ethics of Wickham and Darcy. The novel endorses the importance of integrity, but it also reminds readers not to be too quick to pass judgment on who has it and who doesn’t.
Gender -
Gender is a key theme in Pride and Prejudice. The story takes place at a time when gender roles were quite rigid, and men and women had a very different set of options and influences. Marriage is a pressing question for female characters like Charlotte Lucas and the Bennet sisters because marriage is the only way women can achieve economic stability and autonomy. As upper-class women, they would not have been able to work to earn a living, or live independently. Marriage offered one of the only ways to move beyond their birth families. However, a woman’s marriageability relied on an impeccable reputation for chastity, and for women like Georgiana Darcy or Lydia Bennet, a reckless decision to trust the wrong man could permanently ruin their future prospects. Lydia’s elopement causes Lizzy to exclaim with horror that “she is lost forever.” If Lydia is living with Wickham without being married to him, her reputation will be destroyed.
Compare the narrative strategy of novel and movie :-
The 2005 movie starred Keira Knightley as Elizabeth Bennett and Matthew Macfadyen. The movie was filmed in England and was marketed towards a mainstream audience. Originally, the movie was going to be very true to the book. All the dialogue was kept the same and almost the entire movie was going to be from the perspective of Elizabeth (like the book). In the end, the dialogue in the film varied between being exactly the same as the book in some scenes, while most scenes had altered dialogue.
The movie also features scenes from the perspective of Mr. Darcy, these are additional and not in the book. This was done to show Darcy as more human as well as to show the genuine closeness of his friendship with the character of Mr. Bingley.
The movie has other differences than just the dialogue. In the movie, Elizabeth keeps secrets from her family and grows apart from her older sister Jane. This is different from the book, while Elizabeth does become frustrated with events related to her family, she never keeps secrets from them. She also confides in her sister after difficult events, they never grow apart. The movie also portrays Mr. Bennett as a warmer, more sympathetic father than he is in the book. His role in the family misfortunes, caused by him spending money on the wrong things, is downplayed. His relationship with his wife is much more loving in the movie. However, the movie also makes the Bennetts look poorer than they were in the book. Elizabeth also comes across as much more bold and impatient in the movie, she never yells at her parents in the book.
Joe Wright's 2005 adaptation Pride & Prejudice had more differences from the Jane Austen novel than just changing the time period, making the film more realistic and romantic in the process. Starring Keira Knightley as Elizabeth Bennet and Matthew Macfayden as Mr. Darcy, the film was a major departure from the previous, more faithful, BBC miniseries that aired ten years prior. Joe Wright took a more romantic approach to the novel, grounded in realism, that turned Pride & Prejudice into a critical success for blending traditional period-film traits with a modern approach. Wright collaborated with Keira Knightley again after Pride & Prejudice with another critically acclaimed adaptation, Anna Karenina.
Write a note on a scene you like the most :-
1] The conversation of Elizabeth and Darcy at the first ball :-
This is one of the best scene in the movie. we see controversy between Elizabeth and Darcy. And here we first found Elizabeth's feminist attitude. Also we able to consider that in the starting they both hate each other but their quarrel turns into the love at the end of the movie. So the journey of movie is this from quarrel to love. That's why also the scene is very important.
2] Elizabeth and Darcy's most romantic moment during second proposal scene :-
For the first time Elizabeth rejected Darcy because she has a lots of prejudice in her mind for Darcy. But when she started understanding him and the truth reveals out of all Fogg of lie created around Elizabeth. So Darcy propose her second time and that was the most beautiful scene. The fog, and early morning, his coat and his intentional gait, and the way he stumbles over the words 'I love you!' It was beautiful.
3] Mr. Bigley proposes miss Jane Bennet :-
When Mr. Bingley proposes to jane, She happily accept and say, "yes, A thousand times yes." And after that we found a big - big simle on the face of both Bigley and Jane. Which is look so so cute and steal my Heart. Also during this scene we found that Darcy himself is a scary guy and very introvert personality, but still he is there with his friend Bingley to help him. This reflect their Friendship goal.
4] quarrel between Elizabeth and Lady Catherine :-
When Lady Catherine finally comes to know that Lizzy also started loving Darcy and she will going to accept his proposal. Lady Catherine yell at her, and tell her that she is not allowed to marry Darcy. But Elizabeth isn't taking any survivors. She let Lady Catherine say her piece, and then she kicks her out. So this thing shows Elisabeth's best courageous nature and deep love towards Darcy.
5] dinner event at Lady Catherine's house:-
The scene where everyone in the dinner at Lady Catherine's home. Lady Catherine asked several things to Elizabeth like in what she intrested or what is she know how to play piano. And at that time when Elizabeth told her that she don't know how to play piano, Lady Catherine look her so strangely and told that she don't even know how to play piano.but Lizzy answered very cool, without being guilty or anything, that no she don't know how to play piano. So in this scene her honest nature and how she steak to her point that i like a lot.
6] Bingley's Ball party :-
The scene when Elizabeth and Darcy dance at Bingley's Ball, during that time darcy started showing his love and true simp nature. And then everything around them disappears and it's just them, the Dance, and those major heart eyes. Steals our heart.
If you were director or screen play writer, what sort of difference would you make in the making of movie? :-
If i am writer or screen play writer, i tried to be more loyal towards original novel, "Pride and prejudice". And might avoid changes as much as possible.
Thus to conclud we can able to consider that pride and prejudice is the best romantic novel of the era and also a great satire to society of that time. As specially based on a theme of marriage and gender differences. I like the novel as well as movie.
As a task of thinking activity, here i write a blog about Film adaptation of Shakespeare's play Macbeth.
Macbeth is one of the most famous tragedy by William Shakespeare, it was first performed in 1606. It is a five act's short play, set during the 11th century, in Scotland, in Tho northernmost region of what is now United Kingdom. The play focuses on the main theme of, "The destruction wrought when ambition goes unchecked by moral constraint". The play Macbeth is about a Scottish nobleman and his wife who murder their king for his throne, Charts the extreme of ambition and guilt. Here let we discuss short summary of Macbeth.
Here is some paintings by some of the famous painters, which drawn in the reference of Shakespeare's play Macbeth.
Summary of play :-
Macbeth is a play of contradiction and ambition. Driven to becoming King, Macbeth will kill all and any that get in his way. He puts his faith in the words and prophesies of three witches, after their first one (that he will become Thane of Cawdor) comes through. Macbeth's wife.When the play begins, Macbeth is a brave and loyal thane to King Duncan. However, after hearing a prophecy that he will become king himself, Macbeth is overcome by ambition and greed. Encouraged by the prophecy and his scheming wife, he kills King Duncan and seizes the throne. Afterwards, Macbeth’s guilt, fear, and paranoia lead him to commit even more murders to secure his power. His confidence in the prophecies eventually leads to his downfall, and he is overthrown and killed by those he has wronged.
There are many filmmakers are amazingly influenced by this most intresting theme and story of Shakespeare's Macbeth. And it was resulting as a movie adaptation of Macbeth. Many movies in various languages are based on Shakespeare's Macbeth. Here we discuss some of them and compare the movies and original Macbeth.
Movie adaptation of Shakespeare's Macbeth :-
1] Orson Welles's Macbeth (1948)
Macbeth - 1948
Director - Orson Welles.
Notable Cast - Orson Welles, Jeannette Nolan.
American film director Orson Welles released his Macbeth version in 1948. This black-and-white film features some minor changes to the original play along with significant edits. Welles increased the purpose and presence of the three Witches in the movie to play up the conflict between early Christianity and pagan beliefs in Scotland. Welles also emphasized the violence of the story: the film depicts Lady Macbeth’s suicide and the final battle that ends with Macbeth’s beheading by Macduff. And he also wanted all of the characters to speak with authentic Scottish accents, but the studio that produced the film insisted that the voices be dubbed after the film was completed. He acted as Macbeth in his film and
presented a ‘real’ Macbeth. Jeanette Nolan was in the role of Lady Macbeth, Edgar Barrier acted Banquo and, Erskine
Sanford was in the role of Duncan. Orson Welles's visual strategy, in this black-and-white adaptation, offers more to the
view, but in a blurring style that favors fluidity, uncertainty, and instability through a misty setting, out-of-focus shots, and
slow dissolves. In the established Welles tradition, which has been building for a number of years, the theatrical
mechanics of the medium are permitted to dominate the play and Shakespeare is forced to lower billing than the director,
the star or the cameraman. Welles transforms Macbeth into an expressionistic morality play. The swirling mists and vague
outlines of three crouching figures lure an audience into a disturbing world where supernatural powers seem to be
controlling events. Faceless witches defy our attempts at definition and the sight of them plunging their hands into the
bubbling cauldron confirms our fear.
Welles Macbeth however look a cheap and feel rushed. But still despite of this Macbeth still stand above much more lavish rendition of the play. Filmsy props and ill - considered narrative changes do hurt the film. But the resulting expressionist visual language delivers what even Shakespeare's words cannot. Most of the scenes of castle and negative space on the sets was pormed from some hellish mountain top.many time he translated the physical space of the film into a nightmarish reflection of Macbeth's mental state. And Welles also removed various set pieces, background actors, and propse. Welles' adaptation of the narrative language of the play is more of a mixed bag thein his bold aesthetic choice. Few characters are also cut from the film and does not even mentioned their name. For example Ross is cut from film and much of his dialogues given to new major character, the Holy man. So the film of welles is little beat different than play but still close to the story and theme of play.
So we can able to concider that Welles Macbeth is black and white but well structured and based on morality. I share here the opening scene of Orson Welle's Macbeth.
2] Akira Kurosawa's Throne of Blood (1957)
Throne of Blood is a 1957 Japanese historical drama film co-written and directed by Akira Kurosawa, with special effects by Eiji Tsuburaya. The film transposes the plot of William Shakespeare's play Macbeth from Medieval Scotland to feudal Japan, with stylistic elements drawn from Noh drama. The film stars Toshiro Mifune and Isuzu Yamada in the lead roles, modelled on the characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth.
Macbeth vs. Throne of Bloode :-
The film is set in medieval Japan, while the play Macbeth is set in medieval Scotland.The location is not the only difference between the two productions. The portrayal of the characters is also very different; this is evident in Act 5, Scene 1. In this pivotal scene Lady Macbeth and Lady Asaji are seen cleansing their hands. While the two scenes share similarities, Shakespeare's depiction and Kurosawa's interpretation of the hand-washing scene are quite different: Lady Asaji appears to be without remorse while Lady Macbeth is filled with regret. As Lady Macbeth attempts to wash the blood from her hands she bellows: "Out, damned spot! Out, I say",There are a few ways that we can view this. We may regard Lady Macbeth as an evil person suffering from a guilty conscience. Lady Macbeth's prior encouragement of her husband to kill and betray in order to gain power has come back to haunt her. The bloodstained hands that Lady Macbeth attempts to scrub are not stained with blood at all. The blood she thinks she sees is all in her head, and could very well symbolize guilt. Living with her guilt all over her hands proves to be the best punishment because it is through this suffering that her once aggressive and bloodthirsty nature reveals the small, delicate woman she really is. Through this form of punishment, Lady Macbeth realizes that she is not a strong person and she then kills herself. William Carroll editor of Macbeth: Texts and Contexts recaps that: "When Lady Macbeth is strong, Macbeth is weak (as at the beginning of the murder plot), and when Macbeth is strong, Lady Macbeth becomes weak (as at the end of the play).
Here is a Trailer of "The throne of Blood ".
3] Roman Polanski's Macbeth (1971)
Macbeth - 1972
Director - Roman Polanski
Notable Cast - John Finch, Francesca Annis.
Roman Polanski who is a renowned British film director translated Macbeth as film in 1971 with the same name.
starring is Jon Finch, Francesca Amis as lead actors. The film was set in the open countryside in Scotland and his castle was
more like the setting of the original play which makes it more traditional. It was the first film Polanski made after his
wife’s brutal murder. That is why this film is renowned for its horror, nudity and violence.
Polanski wrote screenplay with
Kenneth Tynan and translated Bard’s play with his own ideas and changed many scenes and situations symbolically
confronting the spectators with a dangerous “gorgon” that could amaze them. This film stages the play in a cruel and pagan
world, between the Neolithic and the middle age. The film nonetheless inserts new possibilities into the play. From
beginning to the end there are notable changes. At some places, however, Polanski presents the key scenes of murder of
King Duncan, and Macbeth differently. The murder of the king Duncan, shown in visual images thrills the heart of the
spectators that isolates them to imagine what they felt at the time of reading the play.
The whole cast of the film is impressive. The actors are young fellows. Even the king lived young and died young
then. John Finch as Macbeth is both athletic and impassioned enough to carry off the soldiering, and young and
introspective enough to be moved by his wife as a women and a co-conspirator as well. In many respects Polanski’s
Macbeth seems near to the original play. For instance the castle keeps are cold, dark, and dirty. The common sleeping
cottages, straw bedding, flaring smoky torches, seeping walls, and muddy yards all contributes to the historical accuracy of
this production. All the scenes of murders are nasty which try to show that medieval Scotland was nasty and bloody.This R-rated film of the play features a nude sleepwalking scene by Lady Macbeth and plenty of on-screen violence. Polanski also emphasizes the passage of time – the events of play span several years, and the Macbeths visibly age over the course of the movie.
This how Polanski's Macbeth is seems more classical and horror.
4] Rupert Goold's Macbeth (2010)
Macbeth - 2010
Director - Rupert Goold
Notable Cast - Patrick Stewart, Kate Fleetwood.
Macbeth is a 2010 television film based on William Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name. It was broadcast on BBC Four on 12 December 2010. In the United States, it aired on PBS' Great Performances. It was directed by Rupert Goold from his stage adaptation for the Chichester Festival Theatre in 2007. Patrick Stewart is featured in the title role, with Kate Fleetwood as Lady Macbeth. The film evokes the atmosphere of Romania in the 1960s, with subtle parallels between Ceaușescu and Macbeth in their equally brutal quests for power. The Three Witches likewise receive an update in keeping with the 20th century aesthetics, appearing as hospital nurses. Their presence is pervasive throughout the film, punctuating the horror of Macbeth's murderous reign. The film was shot entirely on location at Welbeck Abbey.
William Shakespeare’s masterpiece, Macbeth, is a tragedy brilliantly brought to the 21st Century by Rupert Goold. Although Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a play set in 16th Century Scotland, Rupert Goold modernizes the play by changing the setting to a Soviet-styled country and implementing modern elements into the characters and theme. Although Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Rupert Goold’s film adaptation share many ideologies and a general storyline, a difference exists in the setting, the characters, and the overall ambience of the story.
In an effort to successfully relate the plot to his audience, Rupert Goold places the setting for Macbeth in a bleak, militaristic, Society-styled state, described by critic Ben Brantley as a “joyless, stark environment that resembles nothing so much as a morgue.” The setting contributes to a foreboding atmosphere, felt by the audience throughout the entire play. The mannerisms and costumes of the characters of Rupert Goold’s film are in context with the setting.
As what critic Joseph White accurately describes as “more vicious and less pitiable,” Rupert Goold’s Macbeth is perceived by the viewers of film as a Stalin-like dictator. The halls of his palace are decorated with murals of his face. The film also illustrates the large masses of crowds. Through this perspective of Macbeth, Rupert Goold emphasizes the theme of the corrosive power of unbridled ambition.
Not unlike Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the character of Macbeth in Rupert Goold’s film is a savage, power-hungry politician. In Goold’s film, however, Macbeth finds humor in the tumultuous events leading to his downfall. His chilling laughter upon the announcement of his wife’s suicide and his demeaning attitude towards his fellow regeeir half-truths and prophecies. In the end, they appear to be angels of Hell.
The Lady Macbeth of Rupert Goold’s contemporary interpretation of Macbeth and the Lady Macbeth of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth are different in regards to their character traits and appearance. In Ruper Goold’s Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is depicted as an instrument of evil – a constant figure of fiery wrath. Through dark costumes and makeup, the viewers of the film see her as a morbid housewife, consumed with ambition.
The film remains faithful to the themes of Macbeth. It does not dilute the eternal qualities of evil and treachery that are so viscerally expressed in the play.
5] Justin Kurziel's Macbeth (2015)
Macbeth - 2015
Director - Justin Kurziel.
Notable Cast - Michael Fassbender, Marion Cotillard.
This recent adaptation was filmed in Scotland, and opens with the funeral of the Macbeth’s dead son. This plot device links the couple’s thirst for power to their grief over losing their child, and makes the couple initially sympathetic to the audience.
In Kurzel’s Macbeth, however, the text takes a backseat. Instead, Kurzel relies heavily on sound mixing and symbolic images — the whistling wind, the clashing swords, and the ghostly hooded figures — to communicate plot.Kurzel takes his cues from the text, but he expresses his ideas about the text through images and sounds rather than through the dialogue. Sometimes, these choices even contradict the information embedded in the verse.
Kurzel’s Medieval Scotland is a harsh, hard world from the outset, full of grey clouds, damp weather, and fog. But the text itself isn’t so blunt.
6] Maqbool :-
Maqbool was Vishal Bhardwaj's second film as a director. The film had its North American premiere at the 2003 Toronto International Film Festival. And it was also screened in the Marché du Film section of the 2004 Cannes Film Festival. The film has a great star-cast: Pankaj Kapoor (he wins two awards for this role), Irrfan Khan, Tabu, Naseeruddin Shah, Om Puri, and Piyush Mishra. The screenplay was developed from the drama by Vishal Bhardwaj and Abbas Tyrewala. The most significant turn in the adaptation is that the film is about Mumbai Underworld. The King, Duncan I of Scotland is actually an underworld don, Abbaji. Macbeth (Maqbool) and Banquo (Kaka) are two of his goons who look after his business. And Lady Macbeth (Nimmi) is actually a mistress of Abbaji and not a wife of Maqbool.
Two corrupt policemen predicts the reign of Maqbool on Abbaji's kingdom. The role of witches from the drama is taken by these two corrupt policemen. But, unlike drama, they are not passive fortune-tellers. In fact, they are active in manipulating the future events.
The scenes of hallucination and fright of blood have been portrayed very powerfully. Both Maqbool and Nimmi were guilt ridden and hallucinating the blood and dead-bodies of the people they’ve killed. In drama, Macbeth had hallucination of Banquo during a meet at his castle. Lady Macbeth saved him by asking other guests to leave. In the movie, the scene was well-incorporated. It was a time of one of the death rituals of Abbaji, everyone was there. And the policemen bring the dead-body of Kaka. Maqbool, here, hallucinates that Kaka wakes up from death and discloses his evil intentions.
When Macbeth asks about his demise, witches tell him that the jungle's arrival at his palace will bring his doom. Similar prediction is used here. On Maqbool's query Policemen tells him that sea's arrival at his palace will bring his doom. Such a prophecy, on literal level, is impossible to turn true. But, the Custom comes to Maqbool's palace to arrest him, due to his smuggling from sea route.
Thus to conclud, we can able to say that, The Macbeth is one of the Major play with lots of intresting elements, themes, symbols, and horror and supernatural things. Always being a focus of many movie makers.
